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8 claims · 10 studies · 1 reference.

C13-1
Antiperspirant/deodorant products can compromise the axillary microbiome balance.
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The potential prebiotic effect of 2-Butyloctanol on the human axillary microbiome.
Li M, Truong K, Pillai S, Boyd T, Fan A · 2021 · International journal of cosmetic science 43:627-635
C13-2
Essential oils marketed as natural (lavender, tea tree) are a documented cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
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Art of Prevention: Essential Oils - Natural Products Not Necessarily Safe.
Sindle A, Martin K · 2021 · International journal of women's dermatology 7:304-308
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Allergic contact dermatitis from essential oil in consumer products: Mode of uses and value of patch tests with an essential oil series. Results of a French study of the DAG (Dermato-Allergology group of the French Society of Dermatology).
Barbaud A, Kurihara F, Raison-Peyron N, Milpied B, Valois A, Assier H, Morice C, Manciet JR, Gener G, Giordano-Labadie F, Marcant P, Bernier C, Amsler E, Crepy MN, Tetart F, Soria A, le Bouëdec MF, Dermato-Allergology Group of the French Society of Dermatology (DAG) · 2023 · Contact dermatitis 89:190-197
C13-3
A brief benzoyl peroxide contact suppresses S. aureus without the full-spectrum damage of longer-contact antibacterial washes.
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A New, Once-daily, Optimized, Fixed Combination of Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2% and Low-concentration Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% Gel for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Acne.
Gold MH · 2009 · The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology 2:44-8
C14-2
One small study found no aluminum detected in apocrine glands after antiperspirant use; concluded absorption-risk concerns look unfounded on that data.
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Are Antiperspirants Safe? Shedding Light on the Distribution of Aluminum Compounds in Sweat Glands.
Ho WT · 2023 · Plastic and aesthetic nursing 43:217-218
C14-3
Essential oils (lavender, tea tree) are a documented cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
VerifiedOne of 2 sources behind this claim · see the other
The record
Art of Prevention: Essential Oils - Natural Products Not Necessarily Safe.
Sindle A, Martin K · 2021 · International journal of women's dermatology 7:304-308
VerifiedOne of 2 sources behind this claim · see the other
The record
Allergic contact dermatitis from essential oil in consumer products: Mode of uses and value of patch tests with an essential oil series. Results of a French study of the DAG (Dermato-Allergology group of the French Society of Dermatology).
Barbaud A, Kurihara F, Raison-Peyron N, Milpied B, Valois A, Assier H, Morice C, Manciet JR, Gener G, Giordano-Labadie F, Marcant P, Bernier C, Amsler E, Crepy MN, Tetart F, Soria A, le Bouëdec MF, Dermato-Allergology Group of the French Society of Dermatology (DAG) · 2023 · Contact dermatitis 89:190-197
C23-1
Intertrigo is a superficial inflammatory condition of skin folds triggered by friction/moisture/heat/poor ventilation; can become secondarily infected (often Candida).
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Intertrigo
Nobles T, Syed HA, Miller RA · 2024 · StatPearls
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Intertriginous eruption.
Wolf R, Oumeish OY, Parish LC · 2011 · Clinics in dermatology 29:173-9
C23-2
Frictional melanosis is an acquired pigmentary disorder — brown pigmentation from repeated rubbing — recognized among frictional dermatoses, prevalent in more pigmented skin.
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Orphan rocker tracks: a variant of friction melanosis in an institutionalized child.
Diamond G, Ben Amitai D · 2013 · Pediatric dermatology 30:e198-9
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Current understanding of frictional dermatoses: A review.
Arora G, Khandpur S, Bansal A, Shetty B, Aggarwal S, Saha S, Sachdeva S, Gupta M, Sharma A, Monalisa K, Bhandari M, Bagrodia A · 2023 · Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology 89:170-188
C23-3
In richly pigmented skin, frictional/postinflammatory pigmentation is common; PIH risk requires cautious, individualized treatment.
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Facial Melanosis: A Comprehensive Review of Uncommon and Common Presentations with Personal Experience.
Sarkar R, Verma D · 2026 · Indian journal of dermatology 71:171-184
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Atopic dirty neck or acquired atopic hyperpigmentation? An epidemiological and clinical study from the National Skin Centre in Singapore.
Seghers AC, Lee JS, Tan CS, Koh YP, Ho MS, Lim YL, Giam YC, Tang MB · 2014 · Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 229:174-82