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SourcesThe studies behind what we say about sun protection

Where this comes from.

5 claims · 3 studies · 3 references.

C12-1
Iron-oxide sunscreen protects against visible-light-induced pigmentation in Fitzpatrick III-VI, including melasma, where SPF alone did not.
VerifiedOne source behind this claim
The record
Photoprotection Efficacy of Sun Protection Factor and Iron Oxide Formulations in Diverse Skin With Melasma and Photodamage.
Grimes PE, Paturi J, Chen Y, Wangari-Olivero J, Dumbuya H, Yan X, Lynch S, Zheng Q · 2025 · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 24:662-667
PMID 40627587DOI
C12-2
Visible light is ~45% of solar spectrum and can induce persistent darkening, especially in skin of color.
VerifiedOne of 2 sources behind this claim · see the other
The record
Photoprotection Efficacy of Sun Protection Factor and Iron Oxide Formulations in Diverse Skin With Melasma and Photodamage.
Grimes PE, Paturi J, Chen Y, Wangari-Olivero J, Dumbuya H, Yan X, Lynch S, Zheng Q · 2025 · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 24:662-667
PMID 40627587DOI
VerifiedOne of 2 sources behind this claim · see the other
The record
Enhancing Photoprotection: Assessing Visible Light Photoprotection in Tinted Inorganic Sunscreens.
Ruvolo E, Mortillo S, Yousefian O · 2026 · Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine 42:e70104
PMID 42310896DOI
C15-1
Fitzpatrick VI skin has a natural SPF equivalent of approximately 13.
VerifiedOne source behind this claim
The record
A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin.
Brar G, Dhaliwal A, Brar AS, Sreedevi M, Ahmadi Y, Irfan M, Golbari R, Zumárraga D, Yateem D, Lysak Y, Abarca-Pineda YA · 2025 · Cureus 17:e81109
PMID 40276407PMC12018068DOI
C26-2
The FDA approved bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S) as a sunscreen active on June 9, 2026, effective August 9, 2026 — the first new UV filter approved for US use in 20 years.
Regulatory recordVerifiedSource record for this claim
The record
FDA announcement: expands sunscreen options for first time in 20 years
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Open source
Regulatory recordVerifiedSource record for this claim
The record
FDA Q&A on OTC sunscreen regulatory actions
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Open source
C26-5
Waterproof,' 'sunblock,' and 'sweatproof' are prohibited on US sunscreen labels; only 'water resistant 40/80 minutes' is permitted.
Regulatory recordVerifiedSource record for this claim
The record
21 CFR 201.327(g)
eCFR
Open source
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